Bryce,
There are a lot of possible origins of that unusual reel. Sure, it looks "hand-made" or at least "home-made." Maybe it's the product of a maker like J.G. Schreuder, who made at least three high-quality reels, two of them Kentucky-style. Maybe it was made by someone who is known to have made reels, but whose reels haven't been identified yet, at least by the collecting public. Examples could include folks like Benjamin Alt, Matthias Horst, and others.
It's possible that the brake was added and represents an adaptation of some patented brake. The sliding button at 12:00 o'clock moves that grooved cylinder, which then moves the brake spring toward or away from the spool. The pin on the spring acts as the brake.
There are enough solderings to suggest that the main gear bridge and the brake spring were non-factory. The whole brake arrangement is like this one in a reel shown on ebay. Maybe the reel owner was trying to repair a damaged brake. Maybe he lost the brake spring.

I'm not sure anything on the reel would have been patentable. Sometimes, variations of patent designs may be found in the products of small shops, like the Hastings clutches. Sometimes, examples of patented features are seen in reels very different from those shown in patent drawings, like the Wilson drag, Berner drag, Giroud click/drag, and others.
All that babbling doesn't tell us who made the original reel. One feature that may eventually provide a clue is the unusual intersection of the spool arbor with the spool flange.